Metabolic Syndrome: An Ongoing Health Care Disaster

Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder based on aberrant glucose metabolism involving numerous coexisting and interconnected conditions. With approximately 100 million Americans (35% of adults)¹ suffering from the multitude of its far-reaching effects, it couldn’t be more relevant to our current collective health and well-being.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), sometimes simplistically equated with pre-diabetes, is a far more complex and deeply destructive disorder. Identified in 1988 by Dr. Gerald Reaven, Syndrome X², as he first called it, involves insulin resistance – an increased production of insulin is needed to accomplish the job of maintaining normal glucose metabolism. Insulin, however, is not an innocuous substance because excess amounts of this hormone create an environment that is seriously unhealthy.^3-4

A Very Simplified View of Cause and Effect

Cause – Diet is key. Excessive refined carbohydrates, added sugars and other highly processed foods (HPFs) are the main culprits.⁵

Effect - Excess triglycerides, one of the hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, are generated by excessive carbohydrate intake and block the hormone leptin, which influences appetite and satiety, from passing through the blood brain barrier.⁶ More hunger ensues. It has been demonstrated that HPFs can be highly addictive.⁷

Many patients respond well when given an understandable account of what they are facing and have an added capacity to understand what lies ahead if they continue on the same path. At the very least, they are informed.

Diagnostic Criteria

Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when a person has three or more of these conditions:

• Central or abdominal obesity, reflecting visceral fat (measured by waist circumference). Men: greater than 40 inches; women: greater than 35 inches.
• High triglycerides – 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or more, or you’re taking medicine for high triglycerides.
• Low HDL cholesterol. Men: less than 40 mg/dL; women: less than 50 mg/dL, or you’re taking medicine for low HDL cholesterol.
• High blood pressure – 130/85 (mmHg) or more, or you’re taking medicine for high blood pressure.
• High fasting glucose – 100 mg/dL or more, or you’re taking medicine for high blood glucose.⁸

Interrelated Conditions

Type 2 diabetes is clearly a potential outcome of MetS, but the list of related conditions is stunningly broad and seldom discussed. Individuals vary, but they may also be affected by a greatly increased risk for cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis, hypertension and lipid abnormalities,⁹ fatty liver,¹⁰ systematic inflammation,¹¹ sex hormone derangements,¹² a pro-cancer environment,¹¹ hypothyroid,¹³ calcium / phosphorus imbalance,¹⁴ increased coagulation,¹⁵ immune system dysfunction including increased risk of viral infection,¹⁶ dysregulation of the microbiome,¹⁷ autonomic nervous system dysfunction,⁴ particularly excess cortisol and adrenaline, and other neurotransmitter issues.¹⁸

A list of what isn’t affected might be shorter. MetS is not the only potential cause of any of these conditions; however, all have been linked to it.

Obesity Statistics in Adults & Children

According to CDC statistics, in the past 60 years obesity and severe obesity rates for adults have sharply increased from 13.4 to 42.8% and 0.9 to 9.1%, respectively. Children and teens had 4% to 20.7% and 6.1% to 22.2% increases in obesity, respectively, for the same time frame.^19-20

Insulin Impact

The Quebec Study found that an insulin level of 13 uIU/mL correlated with an eightfold higher heart attack risk than a level of 9.3 uIU/mL (reference range: 0-24.9 uIU/mL).³

Insulin levels in Kitava average 3-6 uIU/mL, which does not increase with age. Healthy carbohydrates are a staple, while intake of highly processed Western food is negligible. Stroke and ischemic heart disease are absent or rare.²¹

Insulin resistance can cause global autonomic dysfunction, involving sympathetic overactivity, which increases along with worsening glucose metabolic impairment.⁴

Highly Processed Foods and Addiction

Highly processed foods (HPFs) have been demonstrated to be addictive substances. Substantial public health costs are associated with a food supply dominated by cheap and heavily marketed HPFs.²² Additionally, recent research has shown an association between artificial sweeteners, also considered HPFs, and a substantially increased risk of depression.²³

Basic Blood Testing

A panel that includes CMP-14, CBC, lipids, HbA1c, basic thyroid, CRP, ferritin, fibrinogen, uric acid, homocysteine, vitamin D, phosphorus, and fasting insulin is a good starting point for most patients. Testing can be expanded as needed with the consideration that resolving fundamental issues often improves concomitant conditions as well.

Potential Solutions / Discussion

The concept of metabolic syndrome dates back at least to 1864 when a layperson in London, William Banting, wrote his Letter on Corpulence outlining a similar scenario. He established that a high-sugar, high-carb diet was the cause of his obesity. In 1972, Dr. Atkins’ Diet Revolution identified the same target, excess carbohydrates.

Contemporary diet programs also address the carbohydrate issue and can be a part of an individualized treatment plan. Exercise is surely beneficial,²⁴ but diet is essential. Restricting carbohydrates can be uncomfortable for a few days, but the cravings will subside.

Helpful supplements include B vitamins, ashwagandha, magnesium, zinc, chromium, berberine, lipoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, curcumin, boswellia, nattokinase, taurine, ECGC, L-carnitine and numerous others based on individuality. Leading supplement companies have formulated products that are excellent.

A good possibility for a long-term solution is The Healthy Eating Pyramid, from The Nutrition Source, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.²⁵

Historically, diet pills such as amphetamines, Phen-Fen and ephedra have failed, sometimes disastrously. Time will tell if the latest, semaglutides, will break that mold. A new supplement, an extract of hops, may offer an option to curb hunger moving forward.

If metabolic syndrome is not successfully resolved with a holistic treatment plan that addresses the root cause and significant concomitant conditions, the patient may require an increasing number of prescription medications to deal with myriad worsening symptoms.

We know what the issues are and what is at stake, yet there is no urgency to bring this to the forefront and have a national discussion. The serious issues in our food supply, the failure to add warning labels concerning the harmful and addictive nature of certain foods, and the backburner mentality will continue escalating metabolic syndrome’s disastrous effects on the American population. We can and must do better.

References

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