Editor's Note: Don Petersen's 7/29/96 "Report of My Findings" Petersen posed two questions: 1) "Should we teach MDs to adjust (manipulate)?" and 2) "If no, what can the chiropractic profession do to influence those who are teaching MDs to adjust?" With responses still pouring in, it's obvious we'll never be able to publish all of the responses. The best we can do is to present these excerpts as a representation of the chiropractic profession's sentiments about teaching MDs to adjust and what should be done to influence those who are currently doing so. Please note that these responses are representative of the many more "NO" opinions versus the number of "YES" opinions, approximately 8 to 1.
NO
It's not "Just You" and it's not "Just Me." It's a lot of us, but unfortunately not enough of us. Can we teach MDs to adjust? Can we teach DCs to adjust? Adjustments are the mechanical application of a science and philosophy. If you have learned the reason (science and philosophy) then you must apply the mechanics (adjustment) to correct the subluxation. Without full knowledge of the reason for the adjustments (philosophy) you will never be able to apply the adjustment.
Franz Wartenweiler, DC
Oakville, California
NO The fact remains that the basis of chiropractic lays not in the act of adjusting, but in the intent applied when the adjustment is performed, and that can not be stolen without a complete rethinking of allopathic ideals.
Marc Poli, DC, CCSP
Fullerton, California
NO I would love to say that these individuals who teach MDs to adjust should have their licenses taken from them, but, unfortunately, we as a society really don't have any punishments for dis-loyalty, but we should. The only option would be to develop a law stating that only a trained chiropractor is allowed to adjust. This is a must.
Tom Blake, DC
Greensboro, North Carolina
NO All states should pass laws to control such activities and remove their license if they persist.
Wm. Jay Riddel, DC
Libby, Montana
NO, NO, NO. It is ABSURD to teach an MD -- Why don't MDs teach DCs to inject or dispense pills?
Olga Maslov, DC
El Monte, California
NO We should not even have to ask this question! The answer is no! If an MD wants to be a "real doctor," let them go to chiropractic college, just as you and I did.
Joan Coff, DC
Albuquerque, New Mexico
YES(?) We chiropractors do not have to worry about medical doctors becoming chiropractors unless the medical doctors have seen that what they are doing does not work and what we are doing does work. In other words, the fact that they are trying to learn chiropractic means we have finally won our battle for recognition.
Chiropractic technology as it stands today does not work nearly well enough, but there are many studies that show it works better than medicine for treating many pain syndromes.
Chiropractic as a profession has hidden behind the "every technique works" statement Dr. Parker used to stop fighting and quarreling at his seminars in the 1960s. Because of the unifying effect that statement had on our profession at that time our professional schools have not taken the responsibility to do technique specific research. I have. As a result, I and my students have more certainty on what can be done by chiropractic and more ability to carry it out than any 10 strong chiropractic believers in the world.
By analyzing and diagnosing specific biomechanical conditions, doing technique specific research, dropping ineffective treatment techniques, and pushing forward treatment techniques proving to be effective for any specific condition, I have found chiropractic, used appropriately for each patient, be as effective as D.D. Palmer said it could be. It is my regret that I did not know how to keep research-type records and publish the material, and, thus, haven't published except in anecdotal articles in "DC." That is now being rectified.
Jesse Jutkowitz, DC
Milford, Connecticut
NO Dr. John J. Triano (better known as "JJ" to those of us he learned on) understands the bigger problem:
MDs DOs, PTs and even trainers are clueless. They do not know or understand what DCs do nor what to expect when a referral is made.
Tracy Watson, DC
Cary, North Carolina
NO My response to your second question, "What can the chiropractic profession do to influence those who are teaching MDs to adjust?"
- chiropractic press should repeatedly print the chiropractic profession's displeasure of these individuals and refuse their advertisements.
- individual members of the profession should boycott this entrepreneur's seminars.
- individual members of the profession should instruct their state societies and associations not to utilize these individuals as speakers for state conventions and seminars, etc.
- alumni of the chiropractic colleges sponsoring or endorsing these individuals should collectively demand that their college not endorse these practitioners.
In other words, "shun them" like religious groups shun individuals who are traitors to their beliefs. Any DC that teaches MDs and PhDs to adjust is a traitor.
Peter Fernandez, DC
Seminole, Florida
NO Coming from a chiropractic background (my father, my brother and myself are DCs) teaching chiropractic technique to the medical profession. Just as chiropractors should concentrate only on adjusting subluxations and clearing the nervous system of nerve interference, should medical doctors concentrate on their field of specialty. We as chiropractors have everything to lose if we let medically oriented practitioners perform "adjustments"; their whole idea of health and disease contradicts the chiropractic philosophy of the power that made the body heals the body. How can one be for natural healing and still prescribe medication and perform surgery?
Tina Boshell, DC
Jasper, Alabama
NO This is the age of specialization, the adjustment is our specialty. Don't give it away. This is not the way to gain "respect" from organized medicine.
Teach them, by all means, the effectiveness of chiropractic and how it may benefit mankind, even their patients, but don't teach them how to adjust. I doubt very much if a neurologist will seriously give a group of chiropractors a lecture on decompression laminectomy and expect them to do it.
William Lange, DC
Las Vegas, Neveda
NO Independent chiropractors teaching manipulative techniques to other professionals do a significant disservice to the public. They dilute the expertise and benefits currently available from chiropractic physicians.
Manipulation/adjustments cannot be learned adequately in a vacuum, just as removing an appendix cannot be learned adequately by someone whose professional training does not support that expertise.
Gerald Andreoli, DC, FICC
Arlington Heights, Illinois
NO I can think of no logical reason to teach MDs the art of the adjustment. If these doctors would take a break from worshipping the almighty dollar for a moment, perhaps they could offer their profession some explanation. As with any change that could influence the chiropractic profession, leave it to the chiropractors to circle the wagons and shoot each other.
To influence the chiropractors that are teaching MDs how to adjust, the most obvious answer is to hit them where it hurts: their wallets! I would strongly urge chiropractors to boycott their technique and consulting seminars, equipment, teaching manuals, and any other product that they are presently peddling to the profession. This being the case, these people might just have to practice to make a living.
Ed Kaszans, DC
Brunswick, Georgia
NO I was shocked to hear that Dr. James Cox has taken the position of "sharing" chiropractic with other professionals by training them in our techniques. With as much respect as I have for Dr. Cox, I am against the hands-on "training" of MDs. I would no sooner expect to learn microdiscectomy in a Holiday Inn banquet room over a three day weekend. I do, however, support interdisciplinary understanding among all healing arts and would encourage discussions of theory and practice. I would also entertain a multidisciplinary conference with demonstrations (not instruction) of the various theories and approaches used by each field. Consider one possibility. If MDs are so eager to learn spinal manipulation, wouldn't they have had every opportunity by now to do so, given the expertise of their colleagues, the osteopaths; our predecessors? Isn't this just a little suspicious?
In closing, I would ask that our profession work to "contain and eliminate" non-chiropractors from using spinal adjusting (manipulation). The states should follow the lead of Kansas to prevent MDs and PTs from practicing chiropractic without a license. This movement should come from the chiropractic colleges because, after all, they will be the first to go, if chiropractic can be learned in medical schools and universities. They will no longer be needed. Future potential students will be enticed by the concept of a medico-chiro degree. The diversity will be appealing since they will be in greater demand and have greater authority. Financial aid may not be available since the Department of Education will see chiropractic colleges as a duplication of efforts in what the medical schools will already be teaching. Who will they stand behind? Does this sound like Chicken Little, or maybe realistic foresight?
T. F. Kline, DC
Brunwick, Georgia
YES If an MD wants to learn how to adjust, why not teach him or her? I may be wrong, but an MD trained to adjust is more apt to refer a patient to a DC than an MD ignorant about chiropractic adjustments.
The more I know about drugs and surgery, the more I'm apt to refer a patient to an MD when these services are needed. I must think about what is best for the patient. No one of us has all the answers.
Further, it shouldn't take the public long to realize if a partially trained MD can do them some good with chiropractic adjustments, a more thoroughly trained DC should be able to do them even more good.
John Palo, BS, DC, DABCO
New York, New York
NO Sanctioning these individuals would be appropriate from their respective state boards. Just as in the "orthopractic" movement where not only the ACA, FCLB and individual state boards came down with strong opinions against orthopractic (which led to its eventual demise), the same should be done with those individuals who desire to teach adjusting to MDs, PTs, DOs, etc. This should stop these individuals from teaching adjusting to non-DCs.
Monique Hartle, DC, CSCS
Michael Hartle, DC, CCSP, CSCS
Fort Wayne, Indiana
NO An emphatic no. Do you think I'd want my brother the orthopedist to teach me how to perform spinal surgery? Of course not, as it obviously would not be in the public's best interest.
It's simple, it should be illegal. If you really want to help people (not your pocketbook) by way of the spinal adjustment, you'll go to a chiropractic college. Just as it is and should be illegal for me to perform spinal surgery, it should be illegal for anyone other than a D.C. to perform spinal adjustments.
Anthony Springhetti, DC
South Easton, Massachusetts
NO I also think that MDs should not be allowed to purchase chiropractic equipment. I as a chiropractor can not purchase specialized medical equipment without a resident MD on staff to utilize it. The same should hold true for MDs. If MDs cannot purchase chiropractic equipment unless they have a doctor of chiropractic to utilize such equipment, they would have no need for such courses. This would help eliminate situations such as the one in Europe. I can understand that the supplier is trying to expand a limited market, but I think he should not be able to do it in this way.
J. Milton Smith, DC
Elberton, Georgia
NO In this era of managed care and research, we have proven the efficacy of the chiropractic adjustment. The MCOs are not stupid nor are they particular where the manipulation comes from only that they can make money by covering that type of service. If the MDs are providers already, and can perform manipulations (having taken a week-end course and gotten certified), why pay the chiropractor when they can offer medically supervised and/or performed manipulation (just think, the best of both worlds).
We give away our main drawing card, the chiropractic adjustment, to the MDs and it won't be long until the AMA will no longer need to contain and eliminate us, they are us. Then who will keep 'em honest? Who will educate the public on natural health and healing?
Harrie Wolverton, DC
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
YES(?) MDs should be trained in manipulation. If it's osteopathic manipulation, then let them do a residency in an osteopathic college. If it's chiropractic adjustment (and philosophy over-view), then they would train in a chiropractic college clinic and/or private clinic. The residency training must include an intensive 6-12 week didactic portion followed by, or concurrent with at least a 9-12 month hands on training period. This would be followed by an annual recertification through continuing education.
S.K., DC
Los Angeles, California
NO After 100 years in our chiropractic struggle to survive, let us not concentrate on those chiropractors who have split allegiance with one professional foot in chiropractic and the other foot stepping into the medical business. "Let them go" -- show them no recognition. We now have a solid chiropractic base to continue our chiropractic philosophy science and not in spite of and not because of the few chiropracTOIDS.
Nelson Peet, BS, DC
Helen Peet, B.Ed., DC
Newburgh, New York
NO No, we should not be teaching them! Let them earn their DC degree if they want to pursue it! (Are any of us being taught by orthopods how to surgically do a diskectomy?)
William Laughlin, DC
Wichita, Kansas
NO Sure, if they go to chiropractic college and take the full training. I think there should be restrictions placed on all licenses, which talk about limiting the practice of the licensee to that which he or she is appropriately trained and licensed to perform.
Robert Dubin, DC
Petaluma, California
YES Not until today's "Report of My Findings" did I realize how "straight" your chiropractic orientation is.
This article is embarrassing, and I hope none of the DOs or MDs that support this profession read it.
When I make an adjustment, manipulation, or whatever you want to call it, there is technical ability/judgement only involved. My philosophy or anybody else's has nothing to do with it. Either it works or it doesn't.
The reason most of us believe what we believe is that it is handed down to us by our parents, and we usually accept it without question. That's why most of us have the same religion as our parents. Is that what chiropractic is supposed to be?
Will practitioners still be worshipping D.D. and B.J. in 100 years?
I see no reason why anybody who is legally able should not be allowed to learn anything they want.
The medical profession has many books about manual medicine anyway, and I think that anyone who wishes to speak our language does so because they want to be able to communicate with us.
To me, the problem lies on both sides with people who won't change their way of thinking.
John Roberts, DC
NO We just teach MDs the benefits of chiropractic, how it works, why it works, and why it would be in their best interest simply to refer to us instead of arrogantly attempting to do in a weekend what took most of us 6-8 years.
Regarding those DCs teaching MDs to adjust: We must be rational. Shunning and ridicule is not the answer. There may be a way to influence them by reviewing their qualifications to teach. Wouldn't the CCE be interested to know what kind of curriculum they are using and what qualifications they have to teach? What about the local state boards? Can't they make a determination as to the appropriateness of this questionable practice? If an MD can learn it in a seminar, so can a pre-med college student. This whole idea devalues our profession and our worth as doctors.
A. Mike Folia, III, DC
Fresno, California
YES(?) Yes, if they are willing to go to a CCE approved chiropractic college for an additional two years beyond their MD degree, pass all parts of the National Board, and attend at least a 12-hour refresher course every year.
Herman Perry, DC
Lafayette, Louisiana
NO Teaching MDs to adjust grossly cheapens our art! I'll let an MD adjust me the day after I can perform neurosurgery on an MD (after a weekend of training, of course).
William Schaffer, DC
McKeesport, Pennsylvania
NO The long view of MDs learning chiropractic is that they will use it as an adjunct, rather than an alternative. Chiropractic will lose its position as a separate healing art and become an adjunct to medicine under the control of the almighty medical practitioner, the medical doctor.
If the MDs want to learn to manipulate (a far cry from adjusting subluxations), they can learn that from the black sheep of the medical family, the osteopaths. Or perhaps the osteopaths will insist the MDs go to osteopathic college, rather than give away what they do, unlike our chiropractic colleagues.
Arthur Krieger, DC
Greenport, New York
No! They need to refer to us!
Richard Gillespie, DC
San Marcos, Texas
NO Teach MDs to adjust? No way! The stinkin' MDs will take all we have, then say chiros are now only a duplicator of services!!
Charles Price, DC
Robinson, Illinois
NO There's a proper place to learn chiropractic manipulation - chiropractic college. Any MD who wishes to learn to manipulate should do so in the same way that DCs do -- enroll!
Cathlynn Nelson, DC
Littleton, Colorado
YES I believe the only reason some chiropractors do not favor teaching manipulation to medical doctors is based solely on the economical reason. And if that is so, then say so. However, I do not believe that by teaching medical doctors how to manipulate would have an adverse effect economically on the chiropractic community. Many osteopaths could manipulate, but not many of them do. I am not so sure that many medical doctors will do any differently from the osteopaths, even if they know how to manipulate.
By teaching medical doctors to understand chiropractic and chiropractic methods, we can educate them on the effectiveness of chiropractic adjustment or manipulation and to dispel any preconceived prejudice or bias against our profession. With the better understanding about chiropractic and its method there will be less hesitation for these medical doctors to refer those patients that may benefit from chiropractic care.
Quynh Bui, DC
Houston, Texas
NO! Should MDs teach 12-hour weekend courses in surgery, drug therapy or oncology for DCs (some will think that this is good, too)? Well, if they own the company that sells all of the support equipment, billing secrets, supplies, texts, and additional "proficiency" or "Masters" certification seminars ... I guess it would be okay. NOT! The reason is profit. Wake-up.
Mr. Petersen, selling "chiropractic" to non-chiropractors is just another sign that our rats are jumping ship, trying to fill bags of gold for their departure. The first wave of our rats appeared at the head of the line for the "DC/MD get-rich-quick, grab-as-much-as you-still-can-great-rationalization game." I guess that there is not much blood left to suck out of the body of chiropractic.
Philip Facquet III, DC
Smithtown, New York
YES(?) In response to your request for answers to the two questions about teaching MDs to adjust, I feel that you have forgotten a very important aspect of your survey, i.e., the other side of the coin. Try this for Question #3:
If yes, what can the chiropractic profession do to help all patients, both chiropractic and medical, to better health care through adjustments.
M. E. Towne, DC
Clovis, New Mexico
No! Suspend their licenses?
a) Because if you worked for a corporation, you would be fired for sharing trade secrets. b) Europe is not like the U.S. I practiced in Italy - anything goes.
John Talevich, DC
Sierra Madre, California
YES After reading your tabloid-like article, "Should We Teach MDs Adjusting Techniques?" and hearing Dr. Cox's reply to Dr. Whites's statement, I have to agree with Dr. Cox. He states that it is common to see chiropractic physicians lecture to other health care providers and that our profession needs to share knowledge with other branches of the healing arts. There is nothing wrong with that philosophy.
I think the most important thing to consider is the welfare of patients and as Dr. Cox says, "It is only through interdisciplinary study and interaction that the best patient care will evolve."
I think Dr. Cox is justified in sharing knowledge, and the chiropractic profession should recognize the finest scientific mind our profession has and respect him.
Perhaps we need to learn from past mistakes and focus our aggression on the real enemies.
Mark Manteuffel, DC
Center Line, Michigan
NO No, chiropractors should not teach MDs to adjust. What we should teach MDs is how to refer to DCs.
We can influence DCs who teach MDs to adjust by not attending seminars or buying their products.
Keith Ryan, DC
Tulsa, Oklahoma
YES No -- too many philosophical differences.
You can't legislate people to do the right thing. Hopefully, keeping a strong philosophical foundation will keep others from going that route.
Ken Perkins, DC
Conroe, Texas
NO You can bet your bottom dollar that if the MDs learn spinal adjusting they will be utilizing "Adjustment under Anesthetic" and in hospital "Adjusting" at a much higher fee than most of us ever thought of, and get paid for it.
If that came about, it would ultimately find its way back to a higher fee for chiropractic adjustment. And, as MDs perform and bill more often, it would raise the acceptance of our reason for Adjustments.
But we would gradually dwindle down to a group similar to what the naturopaths are now. And, once they were in large numbers.
Wm. Webb II, DC
Altamonte Springs, Florida
NO I think we should contact these DCs who are teaching these MDs and tell them how we feel and what harm they are doing to our profession. If the MDs want to learn how to adjust, have them go to one of our fine chiropractic colleges and first learn the philosophy behind the adjustment.
Hortensia Soriano, DC
Hialeah, Florida
NO Asking me if we should teach MDs to adjust is as ridiculous as envisioning MDs contemplating whether or not they should teach chiropractors to prescribe drugs. My answer is no.
We can influence the chiropractors by not attending their seminars, not purchasing their products, and telling our colleagues.* Also, educate your patients on who should or should not be adjusting them and why!
- making the chiropractor's address available so that he/she may receive "inquiries" about his/her actions may help.
Mandy Barnings, DC
Arlington, Texas
NO If a DC wants to practice medicine he/she can enroll in medical school. Likewise, if an MD wants to practice chiropractic, let them enroll in one of our chiropractic colleges. Brain surgery isn't a weekend course and neither should be spinal adjusting.
Those marketing chiropractic like products in a discount store should be drummed from our profession.
Gerald Zelm, DC
Oconomowoc, Wisconsin
NO For me, the most difficult task of answering this question is to choose which "NO" response to put forth. Over the last 100 years our profession has sought inclusion and acceptance from the medical community, not because we suffered from any self-worth problems, but because we felt we had something of value to offer humanity. That our unique and comprehensive education and training placed us in a position to offer our services at a level unmatched by other practitioners. That it was an absolute requirement to render such things. Has this not been the crux of our argument? This, in conjunction with our own philosophy as to why we do what we do, makes us who and what we are, a separate and distinct profession. Now there is a segment of chiropractors in our midst that are saying, in essence, that our education is unnecessary. That what we do and what we know can be taught in a weekend course. In a matter of a couple hours, all that we have fought for, all that we are, all that we want to be is washed aside and ignored! You can't teach what I do and know in a weekend seminar. As a matter of fact, I'm still learning. If you say, "We're not trying to make MDs into DCs, but just giving them the fundamentals of manipulation," then you are bastardizing our science for a price! My colleagues, what role will you play in healthcare if you are just one of many who manipulate? What will be the status of the adjustment, to say nothing of the chiropractor, if your services can be provided by anyone who has taken a course in manipulation? "Professional cooperation," you might say. Anytime I've taken a seminar on such matters I'm usually instructed on how to recognize conditions I don't treat and how to refer them out. If chiropractors want to inform MDs of the benefit and value of the adjustment, then they need to inform them on the benefit and value of the chiropractor! After all, that's what WE do!
Richard Theobald, DC
San Diego, California
NO I believe all state licensing boards should add an amendment to their by-laws stating that "if any chiropractor teaches or tries to teach chiropractic adjusting techniques to a lay person or any physician other than one with a DC degree, their license should be suspended and/or revoked and a stiff fine levied.
Also, if a chiropractor does anything construed to be medical, he is punished for practicing medicine without a license. I wholeheartedly agree with that. However, if an MD does anything construed to be chiropractic, he should be punished for practicing chiropractic without a license.
Robert Sottile, DC, FICA
Spring Lake, New Jersey
NO There are two solutions I can think of, one long-term, and one short-term. The long-term solution would be to pass state laws or state board rules making the teaching of adjustive techniques to non-chiropractors a matter of unprofessional conduct, punishable by revocation of the offender's license.
The short-term solution would be to follow the example of the AMA back in the 1920s and either run the offender out of town or burn down his office.
Wayne Fiscus, DC
Prescott, Arizona
NO In 1922 the medical profession organized to destroy its competition.
This agenda has not changed one bit!
There may be a few MDs who recognize the value of chiropractic and recommend patients to us, but the profession as a whole considers us quacks and is still out to absorb or destroy us.
Covering up sickness with medication is a multi-billion dollar business.
They are not going to give this up, to help patients.
Their only purpose of learning chiropractic is to destroy it.
After the many years of sacrifice and using most of our income to protect chiropractic from the treachery of medicine, having some idiot give it away is enough to make many of us vomit.
Such a person is selling us out and has no right to call himself a doctor of chiropractic.
If we do not get back to the real principles of chiropractic, the MD's will claim it for themselves.
Wake up, you dumb chiropractors!!!
They are now referring patients to physical therapists and telling them it is chiropractic.
When they learn to adjust, their propaganda machine will go into full gear, telling the public they no longer have to go to chiropractors because MDs do the same thing.
Say good-bye to your chiropractic practice!
Leo Lindenbauer, DC
Spokane, Washington
NO My practice is located in a metropolitan area with 400 MDs within my same 15 block area. And, after ten years, I can frankly say that the local medical community, individual practitioners, and their political bodies have contributed nothing to chiropractic integration or advanced relations between the two professions. Conversely, they have been indirectly involved in chiropractic's exclusion to their benefit. In ten years, I have yet to see a simple thank you card for referrals numbering in the hundreds into their offices, with no return or spinal cases to my office.
So I would ask, why give them anything? And more importantly, why trust them? Why would we teach them how to treat our patients with our historic and patent methods? So they could only further advance their monopoly and grip on the health care consumer?
Dr. Cox stated in your article, "It is only through interdisciplinary study and interaction that the best patient care will evolve."
This is liberal academic rubbish.
The best spinal care already exists and it is ours to keep, protect from adulteration, and make readily and safely available to the general public. To give it to the MD's would be an imprudent and dangerous step, indeed. Shame on you, Dr. James Cox.
Scott Shephard, DC
Portland, Oregon
NO I have read with interest the past articles about some chiropractor teaching MDs to adjust. I don't know why, but our profession seems to be alive with people trying to make a buck in any manner possible. They seem to have no regard for honestly or ethics. Then I tell myself that what is dishonest and unethical to myself is very honest and ethical to people who have not had the teachings of good, old-fashioned parents like I had.
Jack Du Bois, DC
Brookings, Oregon
NO I spent an awful lot of time in chiropractic college and countless years in practice to become competent in my adjustive procedures. Cox must be a genius to be able to do it in several days or weeks. He is succeeding in unraveling our many years of progress in a heartbeat.
Leon Frigard, DC
Livermore, California
YES I write to support Dr. Cox and any other practitioner who teaches our techniques to others.
My points are as follows:
- is the common heritage of the human race. It does not belong to any one profession. All attempts throughout all of history to keep knowledge to the select few has failed. The idea of keeping knowledge to the selected few was the idea behind the guildsystem. It failed.
- adjusting belongs to chiropractic only, then why does not x-ray taking and reading and blood chemistry belong only to allopathic or osteopathic medicine?. If we can be taught to read x-rays, why can't MDs and DOs be taught to adjust.?
- we healers or faith healers. Do we have a technique that benefits people, that contributes to their physical health; or do we have a secret rite, perhaps like the Rosicrucians or the Golden Dawn. If we regard ourselves as having a technique that contributes to health, then what excuse, pray tell, have we for saying that we should withhold this knowledge from one and all. But then, perhaps, the argument is that we are specialists in this technique and it is difficult to learn. Perhaps so. That only means that we should put effort toward the teaching so that it is done by MDs and DOs with the utmost competence. Nowhere in the "it's a specialty" argument is that any warrant for condemning the teaching. Rather, there is sanction for establishing special courses, perhaps in our schools, for the teaching of the technique to MDs and DOs.
Jack Willis, DC
Los Angeles, California
