It is difficult to attend a chiropractic meeting without encountering some discussion of evidence-based practice. The concept is simple and as old as the healing arts. Sackett defines evidence?based practice as: "The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. ... [It] is not restricted to randomized trials and meta-analyses. It involves tracking down the best external evidence with which to answer our clinical questions."1
What's wrong with that? Absolutely nothing. It is certainly not a revolutionary idea. As Baltzan wrote, "What's new about that? Certainly that is what I learned from my instructors when I went to medical school nearly 50 years ago and what my father told me he learned in medical school 80 years ago. In fact, Hippocrates understood the concept. It did not originate in Paris in the middle of the last century, as Sackett and his colleagues believe."2
The problem is not, as Sackett proposed, "integrating individual clinical expertise and the best external evidence."3 Every doctor does that. The problem is the cavalier dismissal of evidence that doesn't fit into a rigid hierarchy and the compartmentalizing of the profession into two classes: (1) an oligarchy of researchers; and (2) doctors who are reduced to mere technicians following the flow charts and algorithms promulgated by the elite. There is grave danger that the heart and soul of the healing encounter - the doctor-patient relationship - may be a casualty of the more extreme application of this mechanistic approach.
Although there is some minor variation in evidence hierarchies, the randomized clinical trial (RCT) is usually at the top. Significant problems are inherent in the RCT. Furthermore, for chiropractic, which does not treat specific diseases and emphasizes the individual needs of each patient, RCTs are an expensive exercise in futility.
The randomized clinical trial was first proposed by the British statistician Austin Bradford Hill in the 1930s.4 Since then, the RCT has received a plethora of praise and a paucity of criticism. The Office of Technology Assessment noted, "Objections are rarely if ever raised to the principles of controlled experimentation on which RCTs are based."5
Despite such widespread enthusiasm, A.B. Hill recognized that clinical research must answer the following question: "Can we identify the individual patient for whom one or the other of the treatments is the right answer? Clearly this is what we want to do. ... There are very few signs that they [investigators] are doing so."6 Herein lies the fatal flaw in RCTs.
As Coulter observed, "We consider the controlled clinical trial to be a wrongheaded attempt by man to subjugate nature. Its advocates hope to overcome the innate and ineluctable heterogeneity of the human species in both sickness and health merely by applying a rigid procedure."7 Inability of the RCT to deal with patient heterogeneity makes it impossible to use RCT results to determine if a given intervention will achieve a specified result in an individual patient.
There are other problems associated with the application of evidence?based practice. Black listed the following: the lack of generalizability of scientific evidence to individual patients, the lack of attention to third-party interests, the threat to the "art" of medicine, and the dangers of an oversimplistic approach. Although EBM clearly has a place, it does not have all the answers.8
Holmes, et al., are even harsher in their criticism of evidence?based health sciences (EBHS): "EBHS comes to be widely considered as the truth. When only one method of knowledge production is promoted and validated, the implication is that health sciences are gradually reduced to EBHS. Indeed, the legitimacy of research designs comes to be questioned, if not dismissed altogether. In the starkest terms, we are currently witnessing the health sciences engaged in a strange process of eliminating some ways of knowing. EBHS becomes a 'regime of truth,' as Foucault would say - a regimented and institutionalized version of 'truth.' ... The ossifying discourse that supports EBM is the result of an ideology that has been promoted to the rank of an immutable truth and is considered, in learned circles, as essential to real science."9
The authors further note, "The all-embracing economy of such ideology lends the ... disciples a profound sense of entitlement, what they take as a universal right to control the scientific agenda. By a so?called scientific consensus, this 'regime truth' ostracizes those with 'deviant' forms of knowledge, labeling them as rebels and rejecting their work as scientifically unsound."
However, the most damning aspect of evidence-based practice is the lack of scientific evidence that it improves clinical outcomes. According to Haneline, "It should be noted that the process of EBP itself has not been rigorously tested, so we do not know for sure if it actually results in improved health. No RCTs that have compared EBP with standard methods or practice have been carried out in any of the health care professions because of the methodological difficulties and exorbitantly high costs that would be associated with attempting to execute such studies."10
With tongue firmly planted in cheek, Smith and Pell probably said it best: "As with many interventions intended to prevent ill health, the effectiveness of parachutes has not been subjected to rigorous evaluation by using randomized controlled trials. Advocates of evidence-based medicine have criticized the adoption of interventions evaluated by using only observational data. We think that everyone might benefit if the most radical protagonists of evidence-based medicine organized and participated in a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of the parachute."11
References
When sports chiropractors first appeared at the Olympic Games in the 1980s, it was alongside individual athletes who had experienced the benefits of chiropractic care in their training and recovery processes at home. Fast forward to Paris 2024, where chiropractic care was available in the polyclinic for all athletes, and the attitude has now evolved to recognize that “every athlete deserves access to sports chiropractic."
It is estimated that 61% of patients with CTS avoid taking surgical options due to postoperative complications and costly surgical procedures. Chiropractic care offers a comprehensive and effective treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome, addressing the condition from multiple angles. Recent studies also have unveiled a game-changing adjunct to chiropractic treatments for CTS: nerve flossing.
Some doctors thrive in a personality-based clinic and have a loyal following no matter what services or equipment they offer, but for most chiropractic offices who are trying to grow and expand, new equipment purchases help us stay relevant and continue to service our client base in the best, most up-to-date manner possible. So, regarding equipment purchasing: should you lease, get a bank loan, or pay cash?
